Bird species richness in High-Andean forest fragments: habitat quality and topography matter

Authors

  • Constance Fastré Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-3748
  • Diederik Strubbe Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen
  • José A. Balderrama Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Calle Sucre frente al Parque La Torre, Cochabamba
  • Jennifer R.A. Cahill Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Calle Sucre frente al Parque La Torre, Cochabamba
  • Hannes Ledegen Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk
  • Mauricio Torrico Orellana Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Calle Sucre frente al Parque La Torre, Cochabamba
  • Erik Matthysen Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2020.76

Keywords:

bird communities, conservation, exotic plantations, Polylepis, Tunari NP

Abstract

Montane forests worldwide are known centers of endemism and biodiversity but are highly threatened by fragmentation processes. Using data collected in 15 Polylepis forest remnants covering 2000 hectares, we investigated how bird species richness and bird community composition, particularly for species of conservation concern, are influenced by habitat quality and topography in the Tunari National Park in the High Andes of Bolivia. Bird species richness was highest in topographically complex, low-elevation Polylepis patches located in areas with a high potential to retain rainwater. Bird communities differed strongly between Polylepis lanata and P. subtusalbida remnants, each supporting different threatened and endemic species. Within the P. subtusalbida forest, high-elevation fragments characterized by high amounts of sunlight and low anthropogenic disturbance were more likely to contain threatened species. Surprisingly, we found no effect of fragment size on the diversity or composition of bird communities or the presence of bird species of conservation concern. The presence of exotic plantations (Pinus and/or Eucalyptus spp.) in or outside forest remnants was negatively associated with the number of bird species as well as with occurrence of the endangered Cochabamba-mountain finch (Compsospiza garleppi). To support the different communities found in Polylepis forests, these results suggest that conservation efforts should be directed towards both forest types (P. subtusalbida and P. lanata) present in the area. For an efficient management of avian diversity, exotic plantations should be established away from native remnants while existing patches should be managed to maintain or increase habitat quality. Finally, the importance of local topography in determining avian species richness and community composition in forest fragments, mainly through topographic controls on moisture distribution and the amount of sunlight received by the fragments, should be considered when planning conservation and reforestation schemes.

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2020-07-29

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Fastré, C., Strubbe, D., Balderrama, J. A., Cahill, J. R., Ledegen, H., Orellana, M. T., & Matthysen, E. (2020). Bird species richness in High-Andean forest fragments: habitat quality and topography matter. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 150. https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2020.76

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